Cervical Cancer Surgery

Types, Recovery, and Potential Complications

Introduction

Cervical cancer surgery is a primary treatment for removing cancerous tissue from the cervix. The type of surgery depends on the cancer stage, patient’s age, and desire for future pregnancy. This guide covers the types of cervical cancer surgeries, post-operative care, and potential complications.

Types of Cervical Cancer Surgery

1. Cone Biopsy (Conization)
   • Used for early-stage cancer (Stage 0 or IA1).
   • Removes a cone-shaped piece of the cervix.
   • Fertility is usually preserved.
2. Simple Hysterectomy
   • Removes the uterus and cervix (lymph nodes are not removed).
   • Recommended for Stage IA1 to IA2.
3. Radical Hysterectomy
   • Removes the uterus, cervix, upper vagina, and pelvic lymph nodes.
   • Used for Stage IB to IIA.
4. Radical Trachelectomy
   • Removes the cervix and upper vagina but preserves the uterus.
   • Allows future pregnancy for eligible patients (early-stage cancer).
5. Pelvic Exenteration
   • For advanced or recurrent cancer (Stage IVA).
   • Removes the uterus, vagina, bladder, and/or rectum.
   • Requires reconstructive surgery (e.g., stoma).

Recovery After Surgery

• Hospital Stay: 1–5 days (longer for radical procedures).
• Pain Management: Prescribed medications and rest.
• Activity Restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting for 4–6 weeks.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular pelvic exams and imaging.

Fertility After Surgery:

• Trachelectomy may allow pregnancy (via C-section).
• Hysterectomy causes permanent infertility.

Possible Risks & Complications

• Infection (e.g., urinary tract or surgical site).
• Bleeding or blood clots.
• Lymphedema (swelling due to lymph node removal).
• Menopausal symptoms (if ovaries are removed).
• Bladder/bowel dysfunction (rare, more common with exenteration).

Conclusion

Cervical cancer surgery is tailored to the patient’s condition, with options ranging from fertility-sparing procedures to radical surgeries. Early detection improves treatment success. Always discuss risks and alternatives with your gynecologic oncologist.