Pleurodesis

What is Pleurodesis?

Pleurodesis is a medical intervention used to prevent the recurrence of:
Pleural effusion (fluid buildup around the lungs)
Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

The procedure involves creating inflammation between the lung and chest wall, causing them to adhere and preventing future fluid or air accumulation.

When is it Needed?

This treatment is typically recommended for patients with:

• Recurrent lung collapse (spontaneous pneumothorax)
• Malignant pleural effusion (due to cancer)
• Chronic fluid buildup from heart or liver disease

Types of Pleurodesis

1. Chemical Pleurodesis

• A sclerosing agent (such as talc or doxycycline) is introduced into the pleural space.
• Causes controlled inflammation, sealing the pleural layers.

2. Mechanical Pleurodesis

• Surgical abrasion or partial pleurectomy during VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery).
• Often used for pneumothorax prevention.

3. Autologous Blood Patch

• Patient’s own blood is injected into the pleural space.
• Used when other methods are unsuitable.

The Procedure: What to Expect

Before Treatment

• Imaging (X-ray, CT scan) to confirm diagnosis.
• Thoracentesis may be performed to drain existing fluid.

During the Procedure

• Performed under local or general anesthesia.
• A chest tube is placed, and the sclerosing agent is administered.
• The tube remains for 24–72 hours to ensure lung re-expansion.

After the Procedure

• Hospital stay: Typically 2–5 days.
• Pain management: Mild to moderate discomfort is common.
• Follow-up imaging to check lung re-expansion.

Effectiveness and Success Rates

• 85–90% success in preventing recurrent pneumothorax.
• 70–80% effective for malignant pleural effusion.
• Higher success with talc pleurodesis compared to other agents.

Possible Risks and Complications

• Pain or fever (common but manageable).
• Infection (rare if sterile techniques are used).
• Respiratory distress (if lung fails to re-expand).
• Failure of adhesion (may require repeat procedure).

Recovery and Long-Term Outlook

• Most patients resume normal activities within 1–2 weeks.
• Breathing exercises help prevent complications.
• Regular follow-ups ensure no recurrence.

Alternative Treatments

• Indwelling pleural catheter (for recurrent malignant effusion).
• Surgical pleurectomy (for severe or persistent cases).

Conclusion

Pleurodesis is a safe and effective solution for preventing recurrent lung collapse or fluid buildup. The choice between chemical or mechanical methods depends on the underlying condition and patient health. Click to view wmedtor medical tourism health services.