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Ocular Oncology

medical tourism Ocular Oncology

Ocular oncology, a specialized field focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of eye cancers such as retinoblastoma, melanoma, and lymphoma, has seen growing interest within medical tourism. Patients often seek treatment abroad to access advanced therapies like brachytherapy, laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, or even enucleation, performed by world-renowned specialists at a fraction of the cost compared to their home countries.

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Ocular Oncology: Comprehensive Guide to Eye Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment

Introduction to Ocular Oncology

Ocular oncology is a specialized field focused on the diagnosis and treatment of eye cancers, including intraocular tumors (melanoma, retinoblastoma) and orbital malignancies. Early detection is critical, as these rare but serious conditions can threaten vision and life if untreated.

Types of Eye Cancers

  1. Primary Intraocular Tumors
    • Uveal Melanoma (Most common adult eye cancer)
    • Retinoblastoma (Pediatric retinal cancer)
    • Lymphoma (Vitreoretinal involvement)
  2. Secondary Metastatic Tumors
    • Breast/lung cancers spreading to the eye
  3. Orbital & Adnexal Cancers
    • Conjunctival Melanoma
    • Lacrimal Gland Tumors

Warning Signs & Symptoms

Red Flags:

  • Floaters/flashing lights (retinal tumors)
  • Painless vision loss
  • Visible iris spot (growing melanoma)
  • Leukocoria (“White pupil” in retinoblastoma)

Diagnostic Methods

  • Ocular Ultrasound (10MHz high-resolution)
  • Fundus Fluorescein Angiography
  • MRI/CT (Orbital invasion assessment)
  • Genetic Testing (Retinoblastoma RB1 gene)

Treatment Options

1. Vision-Preserving Therapies

  • Plaque Brachytherapy (Radiation seeds for melanoma)
  • Laser Photocoagulation (Small retinoblastomas)

2. Surgical Interventions

  • Enucleation (Eye removal in advanced cases)
  • Orbital Exenteration (For invasive adnexal cancers)

3. Systemic Treatments

  • Chemotherapy (Retinoblastoma)
  • Immunotherapy (Metastatic uveal melanoma)

Advances in Ocular Oncology

  • Proton Beam Therapy – Precision radiation
  • Tebentafusp (First FDA-approved uveal melanoma drug)
  • Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy (Targeted retinoblastoma treatment)