Oncologic Orthopedic Surgery

Oncologic orthopedic surgery, also known as orthopedic oncology, is a specialized branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors affecting the bones, joints, and soft tissues.

This field combines orthopedic surgery and cancer care to provide patients with the most effective surgical and non-surgical treatments, including limb-sparing procedures, reconstructive surgery, and advanced cancer therapies.

Common Conditions Treated by Orthopedic Oncologists

Orthopedic oncologists treat a variety of tumors, including:

1. Bone Tumors

• Malignant (Cancerous):
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Ewing’s Sarcoma
• Benign (Non-Cancerous):
  • Osteochondroma
  • Giant Cell Tumor
  • Enchondroma

2. Soft Tissue Tumors

• Malignant:
  • Synovial Sarcoma
  • Liposarcoma
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Benign:
  • Lipoma
  • Fibromatosis

3. Metastatic Bone Disease (Cancer Spread to Bones)

Cancers such as breast, lung, prostate, and kidney cancer can spread (metastasize) to bones, requiring orthopedic intervention to stabilize fractures and relieve pain.

Diagnostic Techniques in Orthopedic Oncology

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Common diagnostic methods include:

• Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI, CT scans, PET scans
• Biopsy: Needle or surgical biopsy to analyze tumor tissue
• Blood Tests: Checking for tumor markers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase)

Treatment Options in Oncologic Orthopedic Surgery

Treatment depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor. Options include:

1. Surgical Treatments

• Limb-Sparing Surgery (Limb Salvage): Removes the tumor while preserving limb function.
• Wide Resection: Complete removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue.
• Amputation: Necessary in advanced cases where limb salvage is not possible.
• Reconstructive Surgery: Uses prosthetics, bone grafts, or metal implants to restore function.

2. Non-Surgical Treatments

• Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy: Often used before or after surgery to shrink tumors or kill remaining cancer cells.
• Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy: Advanced treatments for aggressive cancers.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Post-treatment care includes:

• Physical Therapy: Restores mobility and strength.
• Pain Management: Medications and therapies to improve comfort.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular check-ups to monitor recovery and detect recurrence.

Why Choose a Specialist in Orthopedic Oncology?

Orthopedic oncologists have advanced training in cancer-related bone and soft tissue disorders, ensuring:
Precise diagnosis and staging
Minimally invasive and limb-preserving techniques
Multidisciplinary care (working with oncologists, radiologists, and physical therapists)

Conclusion

Oncologic orthopedic surgery plays a vital role in treating bone and soft tissue tumors, offering patients life-saving and function-preserving solutions. Early diagnosis and expert care significantly improve outcomes, helping patients regain mobility and quality of life.