Description

What is Cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, a thin tube with a light and a camera at the end. This procedure helps diagnose and treat conditions affecting the urinary tract¹².

Types of Cystoscopy

There are two main types of cystoscopes used in the procedure:

1. Flexible Cystoscope: This type is bendable and follows the natural path of the urethra, making it more comfortable for the patient. It is typically used for diagnostic purposes.
2. Rigid Cystoscope: This type is straight and does not bend. It is often used for therapeutic procedures, such as taking biopsies or removing tumors².

Familiarity with Treatment

Cystoscopy is commonly used by urologists to diagnose and manage various urinary tract issues, such as:

• Bladder cancer
• Bladder stones
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Interstitial cystitis (a chronic bladder condition)
• Unexplained blood in the urine (hematuria)²³

Procedure

1. Preparation: You may be asked to provide a urine sample before the procedure to check for infection. Antibiotics might be given to prevent infection.
2. Anesthesia: Depending on the complexity of the procedure and patient comfort, local, regional, or general anesthesia may be used.
3. Insertion: The cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The doctor may fill the bladder with a sterile solution to expand it and get a better view.
4. Examination: The doctor examines the bladder and urethra. If necessary, small instruments can be passed through the cystoscope to take tissue samples or perform treatments¹².

Who is it Suitable For?

Cystoscopy is suitable for individuals experiencing:

• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Painful urination
• Urinary incontinence or retention
• Suspected bladder stones or tumors²³

Who is it Not Suitable For?

Cystoscopy may not be suitable for individuals with:

• Active urinary tract infections
• Severe urethral strictures (narrowing of the urethra)
• Certain bleeding disorders²

Advantages

• Diagnostic Accuracy: Provides a clear view of the bladder and urethra, aiding in accurate diagnosis.
• Therapeutic Use: Can be used to treat certain conditions, such as removing bladder stones or tumors.
• Minimally Invasive: Generally a safe and minimally invasive procedure¹².

Complications

While cystoscopy is generally safe, potential complications include:

• Urinary tract infections
• Bleeding
• Pain or discomfort during urination
• Injury to the urethra or bladder¹²

Previous Care

• Medication Review: Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking.
• Fasting: You may need to fast for a few hours before the procedure if general anesthesia is used.
• Bladder Preparation: You might be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure¹.

Aftercare

• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to flush out the bladder.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort.
• Monitor for Symptoms: Watch for signs of infection, such as fever or persistent pain, and contact your doctor if they occur.
• Follow-Up: Attend any scheduled follow-up appointments to discuss results and further treatment if necessary¹².